Sickle Cell Anemia Treatment

Sickle cell anemia is an inherited blood disorder characterized primarily by chronic anemia and periodic episodes of pain. Unlike normal red cells, which are usually smooth and donut-shaped, sickled red cells cannot squeeze through small blood vessels. Instead, they stack up and cause blockages that deprive organs and tissues of oxygen-carrying blood. This process produces periodic episodes of pain and ultimately can damage tissues and vital organs and lead to great pain. Although there is no cure , doctors can do a great deal to help patients, and sickle cell anemia treatment is constantly being improved. Basic treatment of painful crises relies heavily on painkilling drugs and oral and intravenous fluids to reduce pain and prevent complications.

Sickle Cell Anemia Treatment

Blood Transfusions - Transfusions forms an important part of sickle cell anemia treatment by increasing the number of normal red blood cells in circulation. They can also be used to treat spleen enlargement in children before the condition becomes life-threatening. Regular transfusion therapy can help prevent recurring strokes in children at high risk.

Oral Antibiotics - Giving oral penicillin twice a day beginning at 2 months and continuing until the child is at least 5 years old can prevent pneumococcal infection and early death.

Hydroxyurea - The first effective sickle cell anemia treatment for adults with severe sickle cell anemia was reported in early 1995, when a study conducted by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute showed that daily doses of the anticancer drug, hydroxyurea, reduced the frequency of occurrence of painful crises and acute chest syndrome. Patients taking the drug needed fewer blood transfusions.

Regular health maintenance is critical for people undergoing sickle cell anemia treatment. Proper nutrition, good hygiene, bed rest, protection against infections, and avoidance of other stresses all are important in maintaining good health and preventing complications.